初審編輯:徐德波
責任編輯:劉進
大眾網記者 邵鈺 通訊員 朱軍 東明報道
鹽酸氟桂利嗪(Flunarizine)膠囊是比利時楊森(Janssen現(xiàn)已被強生合并)制藥公司研發(fā)的一種防治偏頭痛藥物。1968年鹽酸氟桂利嗪在歐洲上市,國內由西安楊森引入地產化,國產批文已有51個,臨床應用已近60年。
多指南推薦一線用藥
鹽酸氟桂利嗪是一種鈣離子通道阻滯劑,屬于神經系統(tǒng)抗眩暈藥物,臨床主要用于典型(有先兆)或非典型(無先兆)偏頭痛的預防性治療,以及由前庭功能紊亂引起的眩暈的對癥治療;也可用于腦動脈缺血性疾病、周圍血管病和癲癇的輔助治療。
鹽酸氟桂利嗪膠囊屬于國家醫(yī)保藥品目錄的甲類品種(2023版)、國家基本藥物目錄藥物品種(2018版),是《歐洲神經病學聯(lián)盟(EFNS)偏頭痛藥物治療指南》(2007版)推薦的偏頭痛預防性治療的A級藥物,是《中國偏頭痛防治指南》(2016版)推薦的偏頭痛防治一線用藥,是《前庭性偏頭痛診治專家共識》(中華醫(yī)學會2018版)推薦的防治前庭性偏頭痛一線藥物,是《癲癇共患偏頭痛診斷治療的中國專家共識》(2019版)推薦的癲癇共患偏頭痛預防性治療A級藥物。
國內鹽酸氟桂利嗪膠囊主要生產企業(yè)山東方明藥業(yè)于2020年12月首家通過仿制藥質量與療效一致性評價,該藥品2022年也納入了國家第七批集采,方明等4家藥企中標,國產過評藥已成為保障臨床用藥的主力軍。
老藥新作用機制研究
吉非替尼(Gefitinib)是一種表皮生長因子受體酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(EGFR TKI),臨床用于治療晚期非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。然而,耐藥性嚴重制約了吉非替尼的臨床療效。據研究,組蛋白去乙?;敢种苿〩DACi(Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors)通過提高染色質特定區(qū)域組蛋白乙?;?,可調控細胞凋亡及分化相關蛋白的表達和穩(wěn)定性。為提高吉非替尼的抗耐藥性,香港中文大學的杜國偉(Kenneth K.W.)和香港伊麗莎白醫(yī)院的周仲行(James Chung-Hang Chow)等研究人員驗證了能夠抑制組蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC) 的非腫瘤藥物的重新定位。研究使用了模擬再利用(in silico repurposing)工具“DRUGSURV”,鑒定了一些候選藥物,并測試了HDAC的抑制作用。該項目研究成果發(fā)表在了2023年9月《美國藥理學與轉化科學》(ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science)期刊。氟桂利嗪被選為對具有一系列不同吉非替尼耐藥機制(EGFR T790M、KRAS G12S、MET擴增或PTEN缺失)的NSCLC 細胞系進行詳細研究,對EGFR TKI(如厄洛替尼)耐藥患者的人源腫瘤異種移植(PDX)體內模型研究,初步證明了氟桂利嗪可拮抗吉非替尼的耐藥性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氟桂利嗪是以濃度和時間依賴性方式提高細胞組蛋白的乙?;健T谠u估NSCLC細胞系中攜帶EGFR T790M的H1975細胞時,氟桂利嗪對吉非替尼耐藥性的規(guī)避程度較為明顯。吉非替尼—氟桂利嗪聯(lián)合治療可誘導凋亡蛋白Bim,減少抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,有效避免了吉非替尼耐藥。同時,氟桂利嗪對Bim的誘導,也增加了組蛋白乙酰化和轉錄因子E2F1與Bim基因啟動子的相互作用。
另外,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),氟桂利嗪可上調E-鈣粘蛋白,下調波形蛋白表達,從而抑制癌細胞的遷移和侵襲。更為重要的是,氟桂利嗪亦被證明可顯著增強吉非替尼在體內EGFR TKI耐藥的PDX中的抑制腫瘤生長的作用。研究結果建議,臨床轉化聯(lián)合應用氟桂利嗪,一定程度上可規(guī)避吉非替尼耐藥性。
參考文獻
https://www.researchgate.net/publication
Circumvention of Gefitinib Resistance by Repurposing Flunarizine via Histone Deacetylase Inhibition
·September 2023
·ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science6(10)
Authors:
Kenneth K.W. To
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
James Chung-Hang Chow,K.M.CheungQueen Elizabeth Hospital - QEH
·
Abstract
Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance seriously impedes the clinical efficacy of gefitinib. This study investigated the repositioning of the non-oncology drug capable of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) to overcome gefitinib resistance. A few drug candidates were identified using the in silico repurposing tool “DRUGSURV” and tested for HDAC inhibition. Flunarizine, originally indicated for migraine prophylaxis and vertigo treatment, was selected for detailed investigation in NSCLC cell lines harboring a range of different gefitinib resistance mechanisms (EGFR T790M, KRAS G12S, MET amplification, or PTEN loss). The circumvention of gefitinib resistance by flunarizine was further demonstrated in an EGFR TKI (erlotinib)-refractory patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model in vivo. The acetylation level of cellular histone protein was increased by flunarizine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Among the NSCLC cell lines evaluated, the extent of gefitinib resistance circumvention by flunarizine was found to be the most pronounced in EGFR T790M-bearing H1975 cells. The gefitinib–flunarizine combination was shown to induce the apoptotic protein Bim but reduce the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which apparently circumvented gefitinib resistance. The induction of Bim by flunarizine was accompanied by an increase in the histone acetylation and E2F1 interaction with the BIM gene promoter. Flunarizine was also found to upregulate E-cadherin but downregulate the vimentin expression, which subsequently inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, flunarizine was also shown to significantly potentiate the tumor growth suppressive effect of gefitinib in EGFR TKI-refractory PDX in vivo. The findings advocate for the translational application of flunarizine to circumvent gefitinib resistance in the clinic.